A P&ID (Piping and Instrumentation Diagram) is a detailed schematic that represents the piping system, process flow, instruments, and control devices within an industrial plant.

Key Components:

• Process Flow: Shows how fluids, gases, or solids move within a plant.
• Pipes & Valves: Different pipe sizes, materials, and control valves.
• Instrumentation: Sensors, transmitters, controllers, and control loops.
• Equipment: Reactors, heat exchangers, pumps, storage tanks, etc.
• Control Logic: Indication of automated or manual control systems.

Importance:

• Acts as a blueprint for plant construction and operation.
• Helps in troubleshooting process issues and future modifications.